Performance Science

VO₂max by Age: What's Normal and What's Achievable

VO₂max by Age: What's Normal and What's Achievable

If you are searching for VO₂max by age, you will find charts within minutes. Most of them look authoritative: neat decades, sex columns, milliliters of oxygen per kilogram per minute. The...

VO₂max by Age: What's Normal and What's Achievable

If you are searching for VO₂max by age, you will find charts within minutes. Most of them look authoritative: neat decades, sex columns, milliliters of oxygen per kilogram per minute. The...

Cardiac Drift Explained: Causes and What It Tells You

Cardiac Drift Explained: Causes and What It Tel...

Twenty minutes into a steady long run, your watch reads 145 bpm at your usual easy pace. Two hours in, you're still holding the same effort and your heart rate...

Cardiac Drift Explained: Causes and What It Tel...

Twenty minutes into a steady long run, your watch reads 145 bpm at your usual easy pace. Two hours in, you're still holding the same effort and your heart rate...

Fat Oxidation and Durability: Why Substrate Flexibility Matters

Fat Oxidation and Durability: Why Substrate Fle...

Two runners line up for the same long race. They have the same VO2max, the same threshold pace, the same fitness on paper. At hour three, one is still cruising....

Fat Oxidation and Durability: Why Substrate Fle...

Two runners line up for the same long race. They have the same VO2max, the same threshold pace, the same fitness on paper. At hour three, one is still cruising....

Why 85% of Max Heart Rate Doesn't Work for Anyone in Particular

Why 85% of Max Heart Rate Doesn't Work for Anyo...

For decades, the standard way to prescribe exercise intensity has been to give the athlete a percentage. A percentage of maximum heart rate. A percentage of VO₂max. A percentage of...

Why 85% of Max Heart Rate Doesn't Work for Anyo...

For decades, the standard way to prescribe exercise intensity has been to give the athlete a percentage. A percentage of maximum heart rate. A percentage of VO₂max. A percentage of...

Continuous Lactate Monitors vs Breathing: What Actually Reflects Training Intensity?

Continuous Lactate Monitors vs Breathing: What ...

For a long time, the way we measure training has followed a fairly simple structure. We look at how fast we move, how much power we produce, or how our...

Continuous Lactate Monitors vs Breathing: What ...

For a long time, the way we measure training has followed a fairly simple structure. We look at how fast we move, how much power we produce, or how our...

What Happens During a Ventilatory Threshold Test? Physiology Explained

What Happens During a Ventilatory Threshold Tes...

If you've ever asked "how do I find my training zones?" the most accurate answer is a ventilatory threshold test. It's the same test sports laboratories have used for decades to identify...

What Happens During a Ventilatory Threshold Tes...

If you've ever asked "how do I find my training zones?" the most accurate answer is a ventilatory threshold test. It's the same test sports laboratories have used for decades to identify...